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The chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound formed by the combination of one sodium ion (Na+) and one chloride ion (Cl-). In this compound, the sodium atom loses one electron to form a positively charged ion, while the chlorine atom gains one electron to form a negatively charged ion. The resulting attraction between the oppositely charged ions leads to the formation of a crystal lattice structure, which is the characteristic arrangement of sodium and chloride ions in a solid state. Sodium chloride is commonly known as table salt and is essential for various biological processes and applications in industries such as food, medicine, and chemical synthesis.